Dieser Artikel enthält die SQL CREATE TABLE
Syntax, wie sie von verschiedenen Datenbankverwaltungssystemen (DBMSs) implementiert wird. Die Syntax wird genau so aufgeführt, wie sie jeder Anbieter auf seiner Website aufgeführt hat. Klicken Sie auf den entsprechenden Link, um weitere Einzelheiten zur Syntax für einen bestimmten Anbieter anzuzeigen.
Die behandelten DBMS sind MySQL, SQL Server, PostgreSQL und Oracle Database.
MySQL
Aus dem MySQL 5.7 Referenzhandbuch:
CREATE [TEMPORARY] TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS]tbl_name
(create_definition
,...) [table_options
] [partition_options
] CREATE [TEMPORARY] TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS]tbl_name
[(create_definition
,...)] [table_options
] [partition_options
] [IGNORE | REPLACE] [AS]query_expression
CREATE [TEMPORARY] TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS]tbl_name
{ LIKEold_tbl_name
| (LIKEold_tbl_name
) }create_definition
:col_name
column_definition
| [CONSTRAINT [symbol
]] PRIMARY KEY [index_type
] (index_col_name
,...) [index_option
] ... | {INDEX|KEY} [index_name
] [index_type
] (index_col_name
,...) [index_option
] ... | [CONSTRAINT [symbol
]] UNIQUE [INDEX|KEY] [index_name
] [index_type
] (index_col_name
,...) [index_option
] ... | {FULLTEXT|SPATIAL} [INDEX|KEY] [index_name
] (index_col_name
,...) [index_option
] ... | [CONSTRAINT [symbol
]] FOREIGN KEY [index_name
] (index_col_name
,...)reference_definition
| CHECK (expr
)column_definition
:data_type
[NOT NULL | NULL] [DEFAULTdefault_value
] [AUTO_INCREMENT] [UNIQUE [KEY] | [PRIMARY] KEY] [COMMENT 'string
'] [COLUMN_FORMAT {FIXED|DYNAMIC|DEFAULT}] [STORAGE {DISK|MEMORY|DEFAULT}] [reference_definition
] |data_type
[GENERATED ALWAYS] AS (expression
) [VIRTUAL | STORED] [UNIQUE [KEY]] [COMMENTcomment
] [NOT NULL | NULL] [[PRIMARY] KEY]data_type
: BIT[(length
)] | TINYINT[(length
)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL] | SMALLINT[(length
)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL] | MEDIUMINT[(length
)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL] | INT[(length
)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL] | INTEGER[(length
)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL] | BIGINT[(length
)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL] | REAL[(length
,decimals
)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL] | DOUBLE[(length
,decimals
)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL] | FLOAT[(length
,decimals
)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL] | DECIMAL[(length
[,decimals
])] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL] | NUMERIC[(length
[,decimals
])] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL] | DATE | TIME[(fsp
)] | TIMESTAMP[(fsp
)] | DATETIME[(fsp
)] | YEAR | CHAR[(length
)] [BINARY] [CHARACTER SETcharset_name
] [COLLATEcollation_name
] | VARCHAR(length
) [BINARY] [CHARACTER SETcharset_name
] [COLLATEcollation_name
] | BINARY[(length
)] | VARBINARY(length
) | TINYBLOB | BLOB | MEDIUMBLOB | LONGBLOB | TINYTEXT [BINARY] [CHARACTER SETcharset_name
] [COLLATEcollation_name
] | TEXT [BINARY] [CHARACTER SETcharset_name
] [COLLATEcollation_name
] | MEDIUMTEXT [BINARY] [CHARACTER SETcharset_name
] [COLLATEcollation_name
] | LONGTEXT [BINARY] [CHARACTER SETcharset_name
] [COLLATEcollation_name
] | ENUM(value1
,value2
,value3
,...) [CHARACTER SETcharset_name
] [COLLATEcollation_name
] | SET(value1
,value2
,value3
,...) [CHARACTER SETcharset_name
] [COLLATEcollation_name
] | JSON |spatial_type
index_col_name
:col_name
[(length
)] [ASC | DESC]index_type
: USING {BTREE | HASH}index_option
: KEY_BLOCK_SIZE [=]value
|index_type
| WITH PARSERparser_name
| COMMENT 'string
'reference_definition
: REFERENCEStbl_name
(index_col_name
,...) [MATCH FULL | MATCH PARTIAL | MATCH SIMPLE] [ON DELETEreference_option
] [ON UPDATEreference_option
]reference_option
: RESTRICT | CASCADE | SET NULL | NO ACTIONtable_options
:table_option
[[,]table_option
] ...table_option
: ENGINE [=]engine_name
| AUTO_INCREMENT [=]value
| AVG_ROW_LENGTH [=]value
| [DEFAULT] CHARACTER SET [=]charset_name
| CHECKSUM [=] {0 | 1} | [DEFAULT] COLLATE [=]collation_name
| COMMENT [=] 'string
' | COMPRESSION [=] {'ZLIB'|'LZ4'|'NONE'} | CONNECTION [=] 'connect_string
' | DATA DIRECTORY [=] 'absolute path to directory
' | DELAY_KEY_WRITE [=] {0 | 1} | ENCRYPTION [=] {'Y' | 'N'} | INDEX DIRECTORY [=] 'absolute path to directory
' | INSERT_METHOD [=] { NO | FIRST | LAST } | KEY_BLOCK_SIZE [=]value
| MAX_ROWS [=]value
| MIN_ROWS [=]value
| PACK_KEYS [=] {0 | 1 | DEFAULT} | PASSWORD [=] 'string
' | ROW_FORMAT [=] {DEFAULT|DYNAMIC|FIXED|COMPRESSED|REDUNDANT|COMPACT} | STATS_AUTO_RECALC [=] {DEFAULT|0|1} | STATS_PERSISTENT [=] {DEFAULT|0|1} | STATS_SAMPLE_PAGES [=]value
| TABLESPACEtablespace_name
| UNION [=] (tbl_name
[,tbl_name
]...)partition_options
: PARTITION BY { [LINEAR] HASH(expr
) | [LINEAR] KEY [ALGORITHM={1|2}] (column_list
) | RANGE{(expr
) | COLUMNS(column_list
)} | LIST{(expr
) | COLUMNS(column_list
)} } [PARTITIONSnum
] [SUBPARTITION BY { [LINEAR] HASH(expr
) | [LINEAR] KEY [ALGORITHM={1|2}] (column_list
) } [SUBPARTITIONSnum
] ] [(partition_definition
[,partition_definition
] ...)]partition_definition
: PARTITIONpartition_name
[VALUES {LESS THAN {(expr
|value_list
) |MAXVALUE
} | IN (value_list
)}] [[STORAGE] ENGINE [=]engine_name
] [COMMENT [=]'comment_text'
] [DATA DIRECTORY [=] ''] [INDEX DIRECTORY [=] '
data_dir
'] [MAX_ROWS [=]
index_dir
max_number_of_rows
] [MIN_ROWS [=]min_number_of_rows
] [TABLESPACE [=] tablespace_name] [(subpartition_definition
[,subpartition_definition
] ...)]subpartition_definition
: SUBPARTITIONlogical_name
[[STORAGE] ENGINE [=]engine_name
] [COMMENT [=]'comment_text'
] [DATA DIRECTORY [=] ''] [INDEX DIRECTORY [=] '
data_dir
'] [MAX_ROWS [=]
index_dir
max_number_of_rows
] [MIN_ROWS [=]min_number_of_rows
] [TABLESPACE [=] tablespace_name]query_expression:
SELECT ... (Some valid select or union statement
)
SQL-Server
Aus der Transact-SQL-Referenz:
CREATE TABLE [ database_name . [ schema_name ] . | schema_name . ] table_name [ AS FileTable ] ( { <column_definition> | <computed_column_definition> | <column_set_definition> | [ <table_constraint> ] [ ,...n ] } ) [ ON { partition_scheme_name ( partition_column_name ) | filegroup | "default" } ] [ { TEXTIMAGE_ON { filegroup | "default" } ] [ FILESTREAM_ON { partition_scheme_name | filegroup | "default" } ] [ WITH ( <table_option> [ ,...n ] ) ] [ ; ] <column_definition> ::= column_name <data_type> [ FILESTREAM ] [ COLLATE collation_name ] [ SPARSE ] [ NULL | NOT NULL ] [ [ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ] DEFAULT constant_expression ] | [ IDENTITY [ ( seed ,increment ) ] [ NOT FOR REPLICATION ] ] [ ROWGUIDCOL ] [ <column_constraint> [ ...n ] ] <data type> ::= [ type_schema_name . ] type_name [ ( precision [ , scale ] | max | [ { CONTENT | DOCUMENT } ] xml_schema_collection ) ] <column_constraint> ::= [ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ] { { PRIMARY KEY | UNIQUE } [ CLUSTERED | NONCLUSTERED ] [ WITH FILLFACTOR = fillfactor | WITH ( < index_option > [ , ...n ] ) ] [ ON { partition_scheme_name ( partition_column_name ) | filegroup | "default" } ] | [ FOREIGN KEY ] REFERENCES [ schema_name . ] referenced_table_name [ ( ref_column ) ] [ ON DELETE { NO ACTION | CASCADE | SET NULL | SET DEFAULT } ] [ ON UPDATE { NO ACTION | CASCADE | SET NULL | SET DEFAULT } ] [ NOT FOR REPLICATION ] | CHECK [ NOT FOR REPLICATION ] ( logical_expression ) } <computed_column_definition> ::= column_name AS computed_column_expression [ PERSISTED [ NOT NULL ] ] [ [ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ] { PRIMARY KEY | UNIQUE } [ CLUSTERED | NONCLUSTERED ] [ WITH FILLFACTOR = fillfactor | WITH ( <index_option> [ , ...n ] ) ] [ ON { partition_scheme_name ( partition_column_name ) | filegroup | "default" } ] | [ FOREIGN KEY ] REFERENCES referenced_table_name [ ( ref_column ) ] [ ON DELETE { NO ACTION | CASCADE } ] [ ON UPDATE { NO ACTION } ] [ NOT FOR REPLICATION ] | CHECK [ NOT FOR REPLICATION ] ( logical_expression ) ] <column_set_definition> ::= column_set_name XML COLUMN_SET FOR ALL_SPARSE_COLUMNS < table_constraint > ::= [ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ] { { PRIMARY KEY | UNIQUE } [ CLUSTERED | NONCLUSTERED ] (column [ ASC | DESC ] [ ,...n ] ) [ WITH FILLFACTOR = fillfactor |WITH ( <index_option> [ , ...n ] ) ] [ ON { partition_scheme_name (partition_column_name) | filegroup | "default" } ] | FOREIGN KEY ( column [ ,...n ] ) REFERENCES referenced_table_name [ ( ref_column [ ,...n ] ) ] [ ON DELETE { NO ACTION | CASCADE | SET NULL | SET DEFAULT } ] [ ON UPDATE { NO ACTION | CASCADE | SET NULL | SET DEFAULT } ] [ NOT FOR REPLICATION ] | CHECK [ NOT FOR REPLICATION ] ( logical_expression ) } <table_option> ::= { [DATA_COMPRESSION = { NONE | ROW | PAGE } [ ON PARTITIONS ( { <partition_number_expression> | <range> } [ , ...n ] ) ]] [ FILETABLE_DIRECTORY = <directory_name> ] [ FILETABLE_COLLATE_FILENAME = { <collation_name> | database_default } ] [ FILETABLE_PRIMARY_KEY_CONSTRAINT_NAME = <constraint_name> ] [ FILETABLE_STREAMID_UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_NAME = <constraint_name> ] [ FILETABLE_FULLPATH_UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_NAME = <constraint_name> ] } <index_option> ::= { PAD_INDEX = { ON | OFF } | FILLFACTOR = fillfactor | IGNORE_DUP_KEY = { ON | OFF } | STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = { ON | OFF } | ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = { ON | OFF} | ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS ={ ON | OFF} | DATA_COMPRESSION = { NONE | ROW | PAGE } [ ON PARTITIONS ( { <partition_number_expression> | <range> } [ , ...n ] ) ] } <range> ::= <partition_number_expression> TO <partition_number_expression>
PostgreSQL
Aus dem PostgreSQL 9.5-Handbuch:
CREATE [ [ GLOBAL | LOCAL ] { TEMPORARY | TEMP } | UNLOGGED ] TABLE [ IF NOT EXISTS ] table_name ( [ { column_name data_type [ COLLATE collation ] [ column_constraint [ ... ] ] | table_constraint | LIKE source_table [ like_option ... ] } [, ... ] ] ) [ INHERITS ( parent_table [, ... ] ) ] [ WITH ( storage_parameter [= value] [, ... ] ) | WITH OIDS | WITHOUT OIDS ] [ ON COMMIT { PRESERVE ROWS | DELETE ROWS | DROP } ] [ TABLESPACE tablespace_name ] CREATE [ [ GLOBAL | LOCAL ] { TEMPORARY | TEMP } | UNLOGGED ] TABLE [ IF NOT EXISTS ] table_name OF type_name [ ( { column_name WITH OPTIONS [ column_constraint [ ... ] ] | table_constraint } [, ... ] ) ] [ WITH ( storage_parameter [= value] [, ... ] ) | WITH OIDS | WITHOUT OIDS ] [ ON COMMIT { PRESERVE ROWS | DELETE ROWS | DROP } ] [ TABLESPACE tablespace_name ] where column_constraint is: [ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ] { NOT NULL | NULL | CHECK ( expression ) [ NO INHERIT ] | DEFAULT default_expr | UNIQUE index_parameters | PRIMARY KEY index_parameters | REFERENCES reftable [ ( refcolumn ) ] [ MATCH FULL | MATCH PARTIAL | MATCH SIMPLE ] [ ON DELETE action ] [ ON UPDATE action ] } [ DEFERRABLE | NOT DEFERRABLE ] [ INITIALLY DEFERRED | INITIALLY IMMEDIATE ] and table_constraint is: [ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ] { CHECK ( expression ) [ NO INHERIT ] | UNIQUE ( column_name [, ... ] ) index_parameters | PRIMARY KEY ( column_name [, ... ] ) index_parameters | EXCLUDE [ USING index_method ] ( exclude_element WITH operator [, ... ] ) index_parameters [ WHERE ( predicate ) ] | FOREIGN KEY ( column_name [, ... ] ) REFERENCES reftable [ ( refcolumn [, ... ] ) ] [ MATCH FULL | MATCH PARTIAL | MATCH SIMPLE ] [ ON DELETE action ] [ ON UPDATE action ] } [ DEFERRABLE | NOT DEFERRABLE ] [ INITIALLY DEFERRED | INITIALLY IMMEDIATE ] and like_option is: { INCLUDING | EXCLUDING } { DEFAULTS | CONSTRAINTS | INDEXES | STORAGE | COMMENTS | ALL } index_parameters in UNIQUE, PRIMARY KEY, and EXCLUDE constraints are: [ WITH ( storage_parameter [= value] [, ... ] ) ] [ USING INDEX TABLESPACE tablespace_name ] exclude_element in an EXCLUDE constraint is: { column_name | ( expression ) } [ opclass ] [ ASC | DESC ] [ NULLS { FIRST | LAST } ]
Oracle-Datenbank
Aus der Oracle Database Online Documentation 12c Version 1 (12.1):
CREATE [ GLOBAL TEMPORARY ] TABLE [ schema. ] table { relational_table | object_table | XMLType_table } ;
Im Folgenden finden Sie Einzelheiten zu jeder der drei Optionen.
relational_table
[ (relational_properties) ] [ ON COMMIT { DELETE | PRESERVE } ROWS ] [ physical_properties ] [ table_properties ]
object_table
OF [ schema. ] object_type [ object_table_substitution ] [ (object_properties) ] [ ON COMMIT { DELETE | PRESERVE } ROWS ] [ OID_clause ] [ OID_index_clause ] [ physical_properties ] [ table_properties ]
XMLType_table
OF XMLTYPE [ (oject_properties) ] [ XMLTYPE XMLType_storage ] [ XMLSchema_spec ] [ XMLType_virtual_columns ] [ ON COMMIT { DELETE | PRESERVE } ROWS ] [ OID_clause ] [ OID_index_clause ] [ physical_properties ] [ table_properties ]
Einzelheiten zu den weiteren verfügbaren Optionen finden Sie in der offiziellen Dokumentation von Oracle.
Verwendung der GUI
Das Erstellen von Tabellen kann auch über die GUI in jedem der Datenbankverwaltungssysteme oder durch Verwendung eines der GUI-Tools erfolgen, die für die Verwendung mit diesem Produkt verfügbar sind.
Beispielsweise können Sie eine Tabelle über die GUI erstellen, wenn Sie mit MySQL Workbench arbeiten.