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27 Oracle-DBA-Skripts für Oracle Database for Administration and Monitoring

Aus Leistungsgründen müssen wir häufig die Sitzung der Oracle-Datenbank überwachen, nach Sperren suchen, den Speicherort von Datendateien ermitteln, Dateien wiederholen und Informationen zu db_links abrufen

Skript, um die SID der Sitzung zu finden, als die Sie angemeldet sind 

select distinct(sid) from v$mystat;

Skript zum Anzeigen aller aktiven Sitzungen 

select username,osuser,sid,serial#, program,sql_hash_value,module from v$session where username is not null
and status ='ACTIVE' and module is not null;

Skript zum Anzeigen von Kellnern 

set linesize 1000
column waiting_session heading ‘WAITING|SESSION’
column holding_session heading ‘HOLDING|SESSION’
column lock_type format a15
column mode_held format a15
column mode_requested format a15select
waiting_session,
holding_session,
lock_type,
mode_held,
mode_requested,
lock_id1,
lock_id2
from
dba_waiters
/

Skript zur aktiven Transaktion in der Datenbank 

col RBS format a15 trunc
col SID format 9999
col USER format a15 trunc
col COMMAND format a60 trunc
col status format a8 trunc
select r.name "RBS", s.sid, s.serial#, s.username "USER", t.status,
t.cr_get, t.phy_io, t.used_ublk, t.noundo,
substr(s.program, 1, 78) "COMMAND"
from v$session s, v$transaction t, v$rollname r
where t.addr = s.taddr
and t.xidusn = r.usn
order by t.cr_get, t.phy_io
/

Skript zur Überwachung der Abfragen mit langer Laufzeit 

set linesize 1000
select
OPNAME,
sid,SOFAR/TOTALWORK*100,
to_char(start_time,'dd-mon-yy hh:mi') started,
elapsed_seconds/60,time_remaining/60
from
v$session_longops
where
sid =&sid

Skript zum Anzeigen aller Sperrobjekte 

set term on;
set lines 130;
column sid_ser format a12 heading 'session,|serial#';
column username format a12 heading 'os user/|db user';
column process format a9 heading 'os|process';
column spid format a7 heading 'trace|number';
column owner_object format a35 heading 'owner.object';
column locked_mode format a13 heading 'locked|mode';
column status format a8 heading 'status';
select
substr(to_char(l.session_id)||','||to_char(s.serial#),1,12) sid_ser,
substr(l.os_user_name||'/'||l.oracle_username,1,12) username,
l.process,
p.spid,
substr(o.owner||'.'||o.object_name,1,35) owner_object,
decode(l.locked_mode,
1,'No Lock',
2,'Row Share',
3,'Row Exclusive',
4,'Share',
5,'Share Row Excl',
6,'Exclusive',null) locked_mode,
substr(s.status,1,8) status
from
v$locked_object l,
all_objects o,
v$session s,
v$process p
where
l.object_id = o.object_id
and l.session_id = s.sid
and s.paddr = p.addr
and s.status != 'KILLED'
/

Skript zum Anzeigen von Waits-Ereignissen 

set linesize 1000
column sid format 999
column username format a15 wrapped
column spid format a8
column event format a30 wrapped
column osuser format a12 wrapped
column machine format a25 wrapped
column program format a30 wrapped
select sw.sid sid
, p.spid spid
, s.username username
, s.osuser osuser
, sw.event event
, s.machine machine
, s.program program
from v$session_wait sw
, v$session s
, v$process p
where s.paddr = p.addr
and event not in ('pipe get','client message')
and sw.sid = s.sid
/

Skript zum Anzeigen bestimmter Sitzungswartezeiten 

select sid,seq#,wait_time,event,seconds_in_wait,state from v$session_wait where sid in (&sid);

Skript, um alle Benutzer zu sehen, die auf diese Objekte zugreifen 

column object format a30
column owner format a10
select * from v$access where object='&object_name'
/

Skript liefert Informationen über die Benutzersitzungen, die ein bestimmtes Objekt sperren 

set linesize 1000
column program format a15
column object format a15
select substr(username||'('|| se0.sid||')',1,5) "User Session",
substr(owner,1,5) "Object Owner",
substr(object,1,15) "Object",
se0.sid,
substr(serial#,1,6) "Serial#",
substr(program,1,15) "Program",
logon_time "Logon Time",
process "Unix Process"
from v$access ac, v$session se0
where ac.sid = se0.sid
and Object = '&PACKAGE'
order by logon_time,"Object Owner","Object"
/

Skript zum Anzeigen des EXPLAIN-Plans in Oracle für die Anweisung im Bibliothekscache 

set linesize 9999
column QUERY format a999
set pages 250
set head off
set verify off
select id,lpad(' ',2*(depth-1)) || depth ||'.' || nvl(position,0) || ' '|| operation || ' '|| options || ' '|| object_name ||' '
||'cost= '|| to_char(cost)||' '|| optimizer "QUERY"
from v$sql_plan
where hash_value = &sql_hash_value
order by child_number,id
/

Skript zum Suchen des Serverstandorts 

select nvl(username,'ORACLE SHADOW PROCESS'),
machine from
v$session where username is null
and rownum < 2
/
ist

Skript zum Anzeigen der Nutzung des obersten Sortiersegments 

col sid format 999999
col spid format a6
col tablespace format a10
col username format a25
col noexts format 9999 head EXTS
col proginfo format a25 trunc
col mbused format 999,999.90
col status format a1 trunc
set verify off
select * from (
select s.sid,
s.status,
b.spid,
s.sql_hash_value sesshash,
u.SQLHASH sorthash,
s.username,
u.tablespace,
sum(u.blocks*p.value/1024/1024) mbused ,
sum(u.extents) noexts,
u.segtype,
s.module || ' - ' || s.program proginfo
from v$sort_usage u, v$session s, v$parameter p, v$process b
where u.session_addr = s.saddr
and p.name = 'db_block_size'
and b.addr = s.paddr
group by s.sid,s.status,b.spid,s.sql_hash_value,u.sqlhash,s.username,u.tablespace,
u.segtype,
s.module || ' - ' || s.program
order by 8 desc,4)
where rownum < 11;

Skript zum Überprüfen der zuletzt analysierten Tabellen in der SQL-Anweisung 

set lin 1000
set verify off
col owner format a15
col object_name format a25
col object_type format a12
col "LAST ANALYZED" format a13

 

select do.OWNER,do.OBJECT_NAME,OBJECT_TYPE,
decode (OBJECT_TYPE,'TABLE'  , (Select LAST_ANALYZED from dba_tables where owner=do.owner and TABLE_NAME=do.object_name)  ,'INDEX'  , (Select LAST_ANALYZED from dba_indexes where owner=do.owner and INDEX_NAME=do.object_name) ,'UNKNOWN') "LAST ANALYZED",STATUS
from   DBA_OBJECTS do
where  OBJECT_TYPE in ('TABLE','INDEX')
and    (OWNER,OBJECT_NAME) in (select OBJECT_OWNER,OBJECT_NAME from V$SQL_PLAN where HASH_VALUE=&1)
/

Zum Überprüfen von Bibliotheks-Cache-Sperren und -Pins 

select /*+ all_rows */ w1.sid waiting_session,
h1.sid holding_session,
w.kgllktype lock_or_pin,
w.kgllkhdl address,
decode(h.kgllkmod, 0, 'None', 1, 'Null', 2, 'Share', 3, 'Exclusive',
'Unknown') mode_held,
decode(w.kgllkreq, 0, 'None', 1, 'Null', 2, 'Share', 3, 'Exclusive',
'Unknown') mode_requested
from dba_kgllock w, dba_kgllock h, v$session w1, v$session h1
where
(((h.kgllkmod != 0) and (h.kgllkmod != 1)
and ((h.kgllkreq = 0) or (h.kgllkreq = 1)))
and
(((w.kgllkmod = 0) or (w.kgllkmod= 1))
and ((w.kgllkreq != 0) and (w.kgllkreq != 1))))
and w.kgllktype = h.kgllktype
and w.kgllkhdl = h.kgllkhdl
and w.kgllkuse = w1.saddr
and h.kgllkuse = h1.saddr
/

So überprüfen Sie den Speicherort der Kontrolldatei 

col name  format a60 heading "Control Files"
select name
from   sys.v_$controlfile
/
auswählen

So überprüfen Sie den Speicherort des Redo-Protokolls 

col Grp format 9999
col member format a50 heading "Online REDO Logs"
col File# format 9999
col name format a50 heading "Online REDO Logs"
break on Grp
select group#,member
from sys.v_$logfile
/

So prüfen Sie den Speicherort der Datendatei 

col Tspace format a25
col status format a3 heading Sta
col Id format 9999
col Mbyte format 999999999
col name format a50 heading "Database Data Files"
col Reads format 99,999,999
col Writes format 99,999,999

break on report
compute sum label 'Total(MB)' of Mbyte on report

select F.file_id Id,
F.file_name name,
F.bytes/(1024*1024) Mbyte,
decode(F.status,'AVAILABLE','OK',F.status) status,
F.tablespace_name Tspace
from sys.dba_data_files F
order by tablespace_name;

Autoextend ein-/ausschalten für Tablespaces: 

select substr(file_name,1,50), AUTOEXTENSIBLE from dba_data_files
(OR)
SQL> select tablespace_name,AUTOEXTENSIBLE from dba_data_files;

Überprüfen der Unterstrich-Parameter 

SELECT X.KSPPINM NAME, DECODE(BITAND(KSPPIFLG/256, 1), 1, 'TRUE', 'FALSE') SESMOD,
DECODE( BITAND(KSPPIFLG/65536, 3), 1, 'IMMEDIATE', 2, 'DEFERRED', 3, 'IMMEDIATE', 'FALSE' ) SYSMOD,
KSPPDESC DESCRIPTION
FROM SYS.X_$KSPPI X WHERE X.INST_ID = USERENV('INSTANCE') AND
TRANSLATE(KSPPINM,'_','#') LIKE '#%' ORDER BY 1 ;

DBA-Links anzeigen 

set linesize 128 pages 1000
col owner format a15
col db_link format a15
col username format a20
col host format a15
col name format a30
Prompt Database Links:
select owner, db_link, username, host from dba_db_links order by owner,db_link,username
/
Prompt Synonym Links:
select distinct owner, db_link from dba_synonyms where db_link is not null
/
Prompt Snapshot Links:
select owner, name, replace(master_link,'@','') db_link from dba_snapshots
where master_link is not null
/

Identifizieren des Segments durch DBA_extents unter Verwendung von Datei-ID und Block 

SELECT segment_name, segment_type
FROM dba_extents
WHERE file_id = < file> AND
<block> BETWEEN block_id and block_id + blocks - 1;

Jobs auflisten, die von DBMS_SCHEDULER ausgeführt werden 

SET HEADING ON
SET LINESIZE 300
SET PAGESIZE 60COLUMN owner FORMAT A20
SELECT owner,
job_name,
running_instance,
elapsed_time
FROM dba_scheduler_running_jobs
ORDER BY owner, job_name
/

Auflisten von DBMS_SCHEDULER JOB-Informationen 

SET HEADING ON
SET LINESIZE 300
SET PAGESIZE 60
COLUMN owner FORMAT A20
COLUMN next_run_date FORMAT A35
SELECT owner,
job_name,
enabled,
job_class,
next_run_date
FROM dba_scheduler_jobs
ORDER BY owner, job_name
/

So erhalten Sie einen historischen Plan für die SQL_ID von AWR 

SET PAGESIZE 60
SET LINESIZE 300
SELECT * FROM TABLE(dbms_xplan.display_awr('&SQL_ID'))
/

So führen Sie eine Warteanalyse der Datenbank durch 

select event, state, count(*) from v$session_wait group by event, state order by 3 desc;

So finden Sie High Buffer Gets SQL  

select * from (SELECT address, hash_value,
buffer_gets, executions, buffer_gets/executions "Gets/Exec",
sql_text
FROM v$sqlarea
WHERE buffer_gets > 500000 and executions>0
ORDER BY 3 desc) where rownum <20
;

Diese Liste von Oracle-DBA-Skripten für Oracle-Datenbanken zu Überwachungszwecken ist nicht vollständig. Es gibt viele weitere Skripte für die Überwachung. Ich werde sie in späteren Beiträgen vorstellen

Liest auch
Hash-Join in Oracle:In diesem Beitrag finden Sie eine detaillierte Beschreibung des Hash-Joins in Oracle, wie er sich vom Nested-Loop-Join in Oracle unterscheidet
Oracle-Tabellensperren:Oracle-Enqueue, Zeilenebene und DDL, Tabelle Sperren, wie Oracle-Sperren funktionieren, Nützliche Abfragen, um die Waiter und Blocker in Oracle herauszufinden. ASH-Abfragen
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_Database